Smit, prof. dr. ir. Chris
Chris Smit is an associate professor of Experimental Conservation Ecology at the Faculty of Science and Engineering at the University of Groningen. He studied Forest and Nature Conservation at Wageningen University. Smit specializes in experimental conservation ecology, investigating interactions between species and their effects on the dynamics, biodiversity, and spatial organization of natural communities.
Smit mostly uses large-scale field studies in ecosystems where herbivores, including large herbivores, play an important role (e.g., temperate savannahs, forest meadows, semi-arid steppes, temperate lowland forests, salt marshes, wetlands). His interest lies with facilitation, i.e. positive interactions between species, and how these interactions are shaped by the interplay of different biotic and abiotic factors. Furthermore, Smit researches the ecology of fear, i.e. how large predators —and humans— influence herbivore behaviour, with possible cascading effects on the ecosystem.
Previously in the news (mainly in Dutch)
Contact and further information
2024
Ramirez,
J. I., Kuijper, D. P. J., Olofsson, J., Smit, C.,
Hofmeester, T. R., Siewert, M. B., Widemo, F., & Cromsigt, J.
P. G. M. (2024). Applied ecology of fear: A meta-analysis on
the potential of facilitating human-wildlife coexistence through
nonlethal tools. Ecological Solutions and
Evidence, 5(2), Article e12322. https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12322
Bakker,
J., de Vries, Y., Buyens, I., & Smit,
C. (2024). Beweiding kan aantal plantensoorten op
kwelder verhogen. De Levende Natuur,
125(1), 21-28.
Smit,
C. (2024). De biodiversiteitscrisis te lijf: Een
nieuwe en onmisbare rol van ecologen voor
natuurherstel. (Inaugural lectures). University of
Groningen Press. https://doi.org/10.21827/6683ec98437fa
Smit,
C., & Kuijper, D. P. J. (2024). Free-ranging
cattle and the return of the wolf: Behavioral responses and
implications for conservation management. Wildlife
biology, 2024(6), Article e01237. https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01237
Veldhuis,
E. R., Verheyen, K., Smolders, A. J. P., & Smit,
C. (2024). How nitrogen deposition hampers common
juniper regeneration in heathlands. Plant and
Soil. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06857-7
Velasco,
N., Soto-Agurto, C., Carbone, L., Massi, C., Bustamante, R.,
& Smit, C. (2024). Large-scale facilitative
effects for a single nurse shrub: Impact of the rainfall gradient,
plant community and distribution across a geographical
barrier. Journal of Ecology,
112(2), 233-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14247
Otte,
P., Hofmeester, T. R., Dekker, J., Jonge Poerink, B.,
& Smit, C. (2024). Small mustelids in peril:
Investigating detection, abundance and ecology in the
Netherlands. Poster session presented at
35th European Mustelid Colloquium, Cluj-Napoca,
Romania.
Otte,
P. J., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Smit, C., &
Hofmeester, TR. (2024). Snow cover-related camouflage
mismatch increases detection by predators. Journal
of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative
Physiology, 341(4), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2784
Ejrnæs,
D. D., Olivier, B., Bakker, E. S., Cornelissen, P., Ejrnæs,
R., Smit, C., & Svenning, J. C. (2024).
Vegetation dynamics following three decades of trophic
rewilding in the mesic grasslands of Oostvaardersplassen.
Applied Vegetation Science, 27(3),
Article e12805. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12805
2023
Schepers,
M., Smit, C., & Scheepens, J. F. (2023).
Akkeren op de kwelder. In A. Nieuwhof, & A.
Buursma (Eds.), Van Drenthe tot aan ’t Wad. Over
landschap, archeologie en geschiedenis van Noord-Nederland: Essays
ter ere van Egge Knol (pp. 41-52). (Jaarverslagen van de
Vereniging voor Terpenonderzoek; Vol. 104). Vereniging voor
Terpenonderzoek.
Velasco,
N., Andrade, N., Smit, C., & Bustamante, R.
(2023). Climatic niche convergence through space and time for
a potential archaeophyte (Acacia caven) in South
America. Scientific Reports,
13(1), Article 9340. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35658-8
Velasco,
N., Bustamante, R., & Smit, C. (2023).
Dispersal syndromes of Vachellia caven: Dismantling
introduction hypotheses and the role of man as a conceptual support
for an archaeophyte in South America.
Heliyon, 9(6), Article e17171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17171
Conti,
L., Valencia, E., Galland, T., Götzenberger, L., Lepš,
J., E-Vojtkó, A., Carmona, C. P., Májeková, M.,
Danihelka, J., Dengler, J., Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M.,
García-González, R., Garnier, E., Gómez, D.,
Hadincová, V., Harrison, S. P., Herben, T., Ibáñez,
R., ... De Bello, F. (2023). Functional trait trade-offs
define plant population stability across different biomes.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B,
290(2001), Article 20230344. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0344
Di
Nicola, W., Mols, B., & Smit, C.
(2023). Human recreation shapes the local scale impact of
ungulates on the carbon pools of a temperate coniferous
forest. Global Ecology and
Conservation, 46, Article e02574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02574
Smit,
C., Buyens, I. P. R., & le Roux, P. C.
(2023). Vegetation patch dynamics in rangelands: How
feedbacks between large herbivores, vegetation and soil fauna alter
patches over space and through time. Applied
Vegetation Science, 26(4), Article e12747. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12747
2022
Zhong,
Z., Li, X., Smit, C., Li, T., Wang, L., Aschero, V.,
Vázquez, D., Ritchie, M., Cushman, J. H., & Wang, D.
(2022). Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland forb
via multiple indirect effects.
Ecology, 103(4), Article e3635. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3635
Sperandii,
M. G., de Bello, F., Valencia, E., Götzenberger, L.,
Bazzichetto, M., Galland, T., E-Vojtkó, A., Conti, L., Adler,
P. B., Buckley, H., Danihelka, J., Day, N. J., Dengler, J.,
Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M., García-González, R.,
Garnier, E., Gómez-García, D., Hallett, L., ...
Lepš, J. (2022). LOTVS: A global collection of permanent
vegetation plots. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 33(2), Article e13115. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13115
Veldhuis,
E. R., Skinkis, J., Verheyen, K., Smolders, A. J. P.,
& Smit, C. (2022). Mycorrhizal fungi improve
growth of Juniperus communis but only at sufficiently high
soil element concentrations. Basic and Applied
Ecology, 65, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.11.001
Mols,
B., Lambers, E., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Kuijper, D. P.
J., & Smit, C. (2022). Recreation and
hunting differentially affect deer behaviour and sapling
performance. Oikos, 2022(1),
Article e08448. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08448
Mols,
B., Churchill, J. E., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M.,
Kuijper, D. P. J., & Smit, C. (2022).
Recreation reduces tick density through fine-scale risk
effects on deer space-use. Science of the Total
Environment, 839, Article 156222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156222
2021
van
Puijenbroek, M. E. B., van den Dool, R., Koppenaal, E.
C., Smit, C., Berendse, F., Limpens, J.,
& Bakker, J. P. (2021). Green beach vegetation
dynamics explained by embryo dune development.
Basic and Applied Ecology, 56,
42-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.003
van
Ginkel, H. A. L., Churski, M., Kuijper, D. P. J.,
& Smit, C. (2021). Impediments affect deer
foraging decisions and sapling performance. Forest
ecology and management, 482, Article 118838.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118838
Verwijmeren,
M., Baudena, M., Wassen, M., Díaz-Sierra, R., Smit,
C., & Rietkerk, M. (2021). Intra-seasonal rainfall
variability and herbivory affect the interaction outcome of two
dryland plant species. Ecosphere,
12(4), Article e03492. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3492
García
Hernández, E., Berg, M. P., Van Oosten, A.
R., Smit, C., & Falcão Salles,
J. (2021). Linking bacterial communities associated
with the environment and the ecosystem engineer Orchestia
gammarellus at contrasting salt marsh elevations.
Microbial ecology, 82, 537-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01656-w
Chen,
Q., Bakker, J. P., Alberti, J., Bakker, E.
S., Smit, C., & Olff, H. (2021).
Long-term cross-scale comparison of grazing and mowing on
plant diversity and community composition in a salt-marsh
system. Journal of Ecology,
109(10), 3727-3737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13753
Sanchez
Aguilar, L., Smit, C., & Trompert, R.
(2021). Process of stop-motion and motion graphics animation
for The Amazing European Bison Journey clip. In CONFIA
2021 : 9th International Conference on Illustration and
Animation (pp. 478-485). Instituto Politécnico do
Cávado e do Ave. https://confia.ipca.pt/files/confia_2021_proceedings.pdf
Chen,
Q., Smit, C., Pen, I., &
Olff, H. (2021). Small herbivores and abiotic
heterogeneity promote trait variation of a saltmarsh plant in local
communities. PeerJ, 9,
Article e12633. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12633
2020
Mueller,
P., Do, H. T., Smit, C., Reisdorff, C., Jensen, K.,
& Nolte, S. (2021). With a little help from my friends:
Physiological integration facilitates invasion of wetland grass
Elymus athericus into flooded soils.
Oikos, 130(3), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.07863
Moedt,
S., Smit, C., Lagendijk, G.,
Bakker, J. P., Nolte, S., van Klink, R., Wielemaker,
A., & Esselink, P. (2020). De invloed van
wisselbeweiding op de biodiversiteit van kwelders.
De Levende Natuur, 121(4),
140-145.
Valencia,
E., de Bello, F., Leps, J., Galland, T., E-Vojtko, A., Conti, L.,
Danihelka, J., Dengler, J., Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M.,
Garcia-Gonzalez, R., Garnier, E., Gomez, D., Harrison, S., Herben,
T., Ibanez, R., Jentsch, A., Juergens, N., Kertesz, M., ...
Gotzenberger, L. (2020). Directional trends in species
composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of
year-to-year asynchrony. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 31(5), 792-802. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12916
Chen,
Q., Bakker, J. P., Alberti, J., &
Smit, C. (2020). Long-term management is needed for
conserving plant diversity in a Wadden Sea salt marsh.
Biodiversity and Conservation,
29(7), 2329-2341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01976-w
van
Klink, R., van Laar-Wiersma, J., Vorst, O., & Smit,
C. (2020). Rewilding with large herbivores: Positive
direct and delayed effects of carrion on plant and arthropod
communities. PLoS ONE, 15(1),
Article e0226946. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226946
Hernández,
E. G., Baraza, E., Smit, C., Berg, M.
P., & Falcão Salles, J. (2020).
Salt marsh elevation drives root microbial composition of the
native invasive grass Elytrigia atherica.
Microorganisms, 8(10), 1-19. Article
1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101619
Valencia,
E., de Bello, F., Galland, T., Adler, P. B., Lepš, J.,
E-Vojtkó, A., van Klink, R., Carmona, C. P., Danihelka, J.,
Dengler, J., Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M.,
García-González, R., Garnier, E., Gómez-García,
D., Harrison, S. P., Herben, T., Ibáñez, R., Jentsch, A.,
... Götzenberger, L. (2020). Synchrony matters more than
species richness in plant community stability at a global
scale. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America,
117(39), 24345-24351. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920405117
2019
van
Ginkel, H. A. L., Smit, C., & Kuijper, D.
P. J. (2019). Behavioral response of naïve and
non-naïve deer to wolf urine. PLoS
ONE, 14(11), Article e0223248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223248
Verwijmeren,
M., Smit, C., Bautista, S., Wassen, M. J., &
Rietkerk, M. (2019). Combined grazing and drought stress
alter the outcome of nurse: Beneficiary interactions in a semi-arid
ecosystem. Ecosystems, 22(6),
1295-1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00336-2
Lagendijk,
D. D. G., Howison, R. A., Esselink,
P., & Smit, C. (2019). Grazing as a
conservation management tool: Responses of voles to grazer species
and densities. Basic and Applied
Ecology, 34, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.10.007
Kuijper,
D. P. J., Churski, M., Trouwborst, A., Heurich, M., Smit,
C., Kerley, G. I. H., & Cromsigt, J. P. G. M. (2019).
Keep the wolf from the door: How to conserve wolves in
Europe's human-dominated landscapes? Biological
Conservation, 235, 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.004
Chen,
Q., Howison, R. A., Bakker, J. P.,
Alberti, J., Kuijper, D. P. J., Olff, H., &
Smit, C. (2019). Small herbivores slow down species
loss up to 22 years but only at early successional stage.
Journal of Ecology, 107, 2688-2696.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13236
2018
van
Ginkel, H. A. L., Kuijper, D. P. J., Schotanus,
J., & Smit, C. (2019). Wolves and
tree logs: Landscape-scale and fine-scale risk factors
interactively influence tree regeneration.
Ecosystems, 22(1), 202-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0263-z
Koerner,
S. E., Smith, M. D., Burkepile, D. E., Hanan, N. P., Avolio, M. L.,
Collins, S. L., Knapp, A. K., Lemoine, N. P., Forrestel, E. J.,
Eby, S., Thompson, D. I., Aguado-Santacruz, G. A., Anderson, J. P.,
Anderson, T. M., Angassa, A., Bagchi, S., Bakker, E. S., Bastin,
G., Baur, L. E., ... Smit, C. (2018). Change in
dominance determines herbivore effects on plant
biodiversity. Nature Ecology &
Evolution, 2, 1925-1932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y
Mueller,
P., Schile-Beers, L. M., Mozdzer, T. J., Chmura, G. L., Dinter, T.,
Kuzyakov, Y., de Groot, A. V., Esselink, P.,
Smit, C., D'Alpaos, A., Ibanez, C., Lazarus, M., Neumeier,
U., Johnson, B. J., Baldwin, A. H., Yarwood, S. A., Montemayor, D.
I., Yang, Z., Wu, J., ... Nolte, S. (2018). Global-change
effects on early-stage decomposition processes in tidal wetlands:
Implications from a global survey using standardized litter.
Biogeosciences, 15(10), 3189-3202.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3189-2018
Verkuil,
Y. I., van Guldener, W. E. A., Lagendijk, D. D.
G., & Smit, C. (2018). Molecular
identification of temperate Cricetidae and Muridae rodent species
using fecal samples collected in a natural habitat.
Mammal Research, 63(3), 379-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-018-0359-z
Li,
X., Zhong, Z., Sanders, D., Smit, C., Wang, D., Nummi,
P., Zhu, Y., Wang, L., Zhu, H., & Hassan, N. (2018).
Reciprocal facilitation between large herbivores and ants in
a semi-arid grassland. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B, 285(1888), Article 20181665. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1665
2017
Nolte,
S., Van der Weyde, C., Esselink, P., Smit,
C., Van Wieren, S. E., & Bakker, J. P.
(2017). Behaviour of horses and cattle at two stocking
densities in a coastal salt marsh. Journal of
Coastal Conservation, 21(3), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-017-0515-7
Howison,
R. A., Olff, H., van de Koppel,
J., & Smit, C. (2017). Biotically
driven vegetation mosaics in grazing ecosystems: The battle between
bioturbation and biocompaction. Ecological
monographs, 87(3), 363-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1259
Garbutt,
A., de Groot, A., Smit, C., & Petillon, J. (2017).
European salt marshes: Ecology and conservation in a changing
world. Journal of Coastal
Conservation, 21(3), 405-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-017-0524-6
Alberti,
J., Bakker, E. S., van Klink, R., Olff, H.,
& Smit, C. (2017). Herbivore exclusion promotes a
more stochastic plant community assembly in a natural
grassland. Ecology, 98(4),
961-970. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1741
Dillen,
M., Smit, C., & Verheyen, K. (2017).
How does neighbourhood tree species composition affect growth
characteristics of oak saplings? Forest ecology
and management, 401, 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.07.016
Bakker,
J. P., de Vries, Y., & Smit, C. (2017).
Langjarige bemestingsexperimenten in graslanden van
Loefvledder, Drentsche Aa. De Levende
Natuur, 118(5), 193-199. http://www.delevendenatuur.nl/tijdschrift.php?editie=11224
Lagendijk,
D. D. G., Howison, R. A., Esselink,
P., Ubels, R., & Smit, C.
(2017). Rotation grazing as a conservation management tool:
Vegetation changes after six years of application in a salt marsh
ecosystem. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment, 246, 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.023
Dillen,
M., Smit, C., Buyse, M., Höfte, M., De
Clercq, P., & Verheyen, K. (2017). Stronger diversity
effects with increased environmental stress: A study of
multitrophic interactions between oak, powdery mildew and
ladybirds. PLoS ONE, 12(4),
Article e0176104. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176104
2016
Meijer,
K., Schilthuizen, M., Beukeboom, L.,
& Smit, C. (2016). A review and meta-analysis of
the enemy release hypothesis in plant-herbivorous insect
systems. PeerJ, 4, Article
e2778. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2778
van
Klink, R., Nolte, S., Mandema, F., Lagendijk, D. D.
G., WallisDeVries, M. F., Bakker, J. P.,
Esselink, P., & Smit, C. (2016).
Effects of grazing management on biodiversity across trophic
levels: The importance of livestock species and stocking density in
salt marshes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment, 235, 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.11.001
Howison,
R. A., Olff, H., van Puijenbroek, M. E.
B., & Smit, C. (2016). Facultative grazing
and bioturbation by macrodetritivores alter saltmarsh plant-plant
interactions under stress. Journal of
Ecology, 104(4), 1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12581
Meijer,
K., Smit, C., Schilthuizen, M., &
Beukeboom, L. W. (2016). Fitness benefits of the fruit
fly Rhagoletis alternata on a non-native rose host.
Oecologia, 181(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-015-3524-y
Dillen,
M., Kris, V., & Smit, C. (2016).
Identity rather than richness drives local neighbourhood
species composition effects on oak sapling growth in a young
forest. Forest ecology and management,
380, 274-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.004
Schilthuizen,
M., Santos Pimenta, L. P., Lammers, Y., Steenbergen, P. J., Flohil,
M., Beveridge, N. G. P., van Duijn, P. T., Meulblok, M. M., Sosef,
N., van de Ven, R., Werring, R., Beentjes, K. K., Meijer,
K., Vos, R. A., Vrieling, K., Gravendeel, B., Choi, Y.,
Verpoorte, R., Smit, C., & Beukeboom, L.
W. (2016). Incorporation of an invasive plant into a
native insect herbivore food web.
PeerJ, 4, Article e1954. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1954
van
Klink, R., Ruifrok, J. L., & Smit, C. (2016).
Rewilding with large herbivores: Direct effects and edge
effects of grazing refuges on plant and invertebrate
communities. Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment, 234, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.050
Howison,
R. A., Berg, M. P., Smit, C., van
Dijk, K., & Olff, H. (2016). The importance
of coprophagous macrodetritivores for the maintenance of vegetation
heterogeneity in an African Savannah.
Ecosystems, 19(4), 674-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-016-9960-7
2015
Ruifrok,
J. L., Janzen, T., Kuijper, D. P. J., Rietkerk,
M., Olff, H., & Smit, C. (2015).
Cyclical succession in grazed ecosystems: The importance of
interactions between different-sized herbivores and different-sized
predators. Theoretical Population
Biology, 101, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2015.02.001
Kromkamp,
N., & Smit, C. (2015). De terugkeer van de
jeneverbes? De Levende Natuur.
Bakker,
J. P., de Vries, Y., & Smit, C. (2015).
Effectiviteit van vervolgbeheer na afplaggen van voedselrijk
grasland in het Drentsche Aa-gebied.
Stratiotes, 48, 5-14.
Nolte,
S., Esselink, P., Bakker, J. P.,
& Smit, C. (2015). Effects of livestock species
and stocking density on accretion rates in grazed salt
marshes. Estuarine coastal and shelf
science, 152, 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.11.012
Cromsigt,
J., Kemp, Y., Linnartz, L., Smit, C., Voeten, M.,
& Wassen, M. (2015). Ervaringen uit het Kraansvlak:
Lessen voor toekomstige wisent introducties.
Vakblad Natuur, Bos en Landschap.
Howison,
R. A., Olff, H., Steever, R., & Smit,
C. (2015). Large herbivores change the direction of
interactions within plant communities along a salt marsh stress
gradient. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 26(6), 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12317
Meijer,
K., Zemel, H., Chiba, S., Smit, C.,
Beukeboom, L. W., & Schilthuizen, M. (2015).
Phytophagous insects on native and non-native host plants:
Combining the community approach and the biogeographical
approach. PLoS ONE, 10(5),
Article e0125607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125607
Smit,
C., Ruifrok, J. L., van Klink, R., & Olff,
H. (2015). Rewilding with large herbivores: The
importance of grazing refuges for sapling establishment and
wood-pasture formation. Biological
Conservation, 182, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.047
van
Klink, R., Ruifrok, J., & Smit, C. (2015).
Verjonging van bomen en struiken en de diversiteit van
planten en ongewervelden in de Oostvaardersplassen.
De Levende Natuur, 116(4),
163-169.
2014
Soliveres,
S., Smit, C., & Maestre, F. T. (2015).
Moving forward on facilitation research: Response to changing
environments and effects on the diversity, functioning and
evolution of plant communities. Biological Reviews
of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 90(1),
297-313. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12110
Verwijmeren,
M., Rietkerk, M., Bautista, S., Mayor, A. G., Wassen, M. J.,
& Smit, C. (2014). Drought and grazing combined:
Contrasting shifts in plant interactions at species pair and
community level. Journal of Arid
Environments, 111, 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.08.001
Nolte,
S., Esselink, P., Smit, C., &
Bakker, J. P. (2014). Herbivore species and density
affect vegetation-structure patchiness in salt marshes.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,
185, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.12.010
Ruifrok,
J. L., Postma, F., Olff, H., & Smit,
C. (2014). Scale-dependent effects of grazing and
topographic heterogeneity on plant species richness in a Dutch salt
marsh ecosystem. Applied Vegetation
Science, 17(4), 615-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12107
Smit,
C. (2014). Vestigingsmogelijkheden van houtige
gewassen in de Oostvaardersplassen. Rijksuniversiteit
Groningen.
Kuijper,
D. P. J., Verwijmeren, M., Churski, M., Zbyryt, A., Schmidt, K.,
Jędrzejewska, B., & Smit, C. (2014).
What cues do ungulates use to assess predation risk in dense
temperate forests? PLoS ONE,
9(1), Article e84607. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084607
2013
Bakker,
J. P., De Vries, Y., & Smit, C. (2013).
Hooien met verschillende frequentie: 40 jaar verschralend
beheer. De Levende Natuur,
114, 244-245.
Kalwij,
J. M., & Smit, C. (2013). How authors can
maximise the chance of manuscript acceptance and article
visibility. Learned publishing,
26(1), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.1087/20130106
Verwijmeren,
M., Rietkerk, M., Wassen, M. J., & Smit, C.
(2013). Interspecific facilitation and critical transitions
in arid ecosystems. Oikos,
122(3), 341-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00111.x
Langbroek,
E., Bakker, C., & Smit, C. (2013). Ruimte
voor de rivier: Ontwikkelingen van de vegetatiestructuur in de
Blauwe Kamer. De Levende Natuur.
van
Ginkel, H. A. L., Kuijper, D. P. J., Churski, M., Zub, K.,
Szafranska, P., & Smit, C. (2013). Safe for
saplings not safe for seeds: Quercus robur recruitment in
relation to coarse woody debris in Bialowieza Primeval Forest,
Poland. Forest ecology and management,
304, 73-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.037
op
de Hoek, T., Schrama, M., & Smit, C. (2013).
Verwilderde katten op Schiermonnikoog. De
Levende Natuur, 114(1).
2012
Smit,
C., Kuijper, D. P. J., Prentice, D., Wassen, M. J., &
Cromsigt, J. P. G. M. (2012). Coarse woody debris facilitates
oak recruitment in Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland.
Forest ecology and management, 284,
133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.052
van
de Blaak, R., Linnartz , L., & Smit, C. (2012).
Gaan wisenten en mensen samen? 5 jaar praktijk onderzoek
uitgewerkt. Vakblad Natuur, Bos en
Landschap, 9(7), 32-35. http://edepot.wur.nl/233335
Meijer,
K., Smit, C., Beukeboom, L. W.,
& Schilthuizen, M. (2012). Native insects on non-native
plants in The Netherlands: Curiosities or common practice?
Entomologische Berichten, 72(6),
288-293.
2011
Smit,
C. (2011). Desarrollo de un protocolo de seguimiento a
largo plazo de los organismos clave para el funcionamiento de los
bosques mediterráneos. In In: Ramírez, L.
(Ed.), Proyectos de investigación en parques nacionales
2007-2010, Madrid
Smit,
C., & Ruifrok, J. L. (2011). From protege to nurse
plant: Establishment of thorny shrubs in grazed temperate
woodlands. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 22(3), 377-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01264.x
Smit,
C. (2011). Grote grazers in het Kotterbos en
Oostvaardersbos: Effecten van het openstellen van de bossen rondom
de Oostvaardersplassen voor rund, paard en edelhert op de
bosvitaliteit; onderzoeksopzet en nulmeting.
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Bakker,
J. P., de Vries, Y., & Smit, C. (2011).
Het onverwacht ontstaan van een parkachtig landschap.
De Levende Natuur, 112,
185-190.
Smit,
C. (2011). Konijn en jeneverbes. De
Levende Natuur.
Smit,
C. (2011). Large herbivores as ‘Environmental
Engineers’. In . In: Ungulate Management in
Europe; Problems and Practices. Eds: M. Appolonio, R. Andersen and
R. Putman
Verhulst,
J., Kleijn, D., Loonen, W., Berendse, F., & Smit,
C. (2011). Seasonal distribution of meadow birds in
relation to in-field heterogeneity and management.
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment,
142(3-4), 161-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.016
Scheper,
J., & Smit, C. (2011). The role of rodents
in the seed fate of a thorny shrub in an ancient wood
pasture. Acta oecologica-International journal of
ecology, 37(2), 133-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.01.007
Smit,
C., & Verwijmeren, M. (2011). Tree-shrub
associations in grazed woodlands: First rodents, then
cattle? Plant ecology,
212(3), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-010-9839-1
2010
Smit,
C., Bakker, E. S., Apol, M. E. F., & Olff,
H. (2010). Effects of cattle and rabbit grazing on
clonal expansion of spiny shrubs in wood-pastures.
Basic and Applied Ecology, 11(8),
685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.010
2009
Smit,
C. (2009). Begrazing, facilitatie en schuivende
mozaïken. Landschap - Tijdschrift voor
landschapsonderzoek, 4.
Vandenberghe,
C., Smit, C., Pohl, M., Buttler, A., & Frelechoux,
F. (2009). Does the strength of facilitation by nurse shrubs
depend on grazing resistance of tree saplings?
Basic and Applied Ecology, 10(5),
427-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2008.08.009
Smit,
C., Diaz, M., & Jansen, P. (2009). Establishment
limitation of holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp ballota (Desf.) Samp.)
in a Mediterranean savanna - forest ecosystem.
Annals of forest science, 66(5),
Article 511. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest/2009028
Smit,
C., Rietkerk, M., & Wassen, M. J. (2009).
Inclusion of biotic stress (consumer pressure) alters
predictions from the stress gradient hypothesis.
Journal of Ecology, 97(6),
1215-1219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01555.x
Smit,
C., & Ruifrok, J. L. (2009). Verschuivende
mozaïeken de rol van kleine zoogdieren.
Landschap, 26(4), 189-197.
2008
Smit,
C., den Ouden, J., & Diaz, M. (2008). Facilitation
of Quercus ilex recruitment by shrubs in Mediterranean open
woodlands. Journal of Vegetation
Science, 19(2), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.3170/2007-8-18352
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