Brakman, prof. dr. Steven
Steven Brakman is hoogleraar internationale economie. Hij studeerde economie aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen en is sinds 2003 hoogleraar. ‘De term mondialisering spreekt meer tot de verbeelding dan 'international economics',’ aldus Brakman. ‘Maar in feite is mondialisering een toepassingsgebied van international economics. We gebruiken de kennis, denkwijzen, en modellen om de gevolgen van mondialisering - het zogenoemde kleiner worden van de wereld - te bestuderen.’ Brakman wordt vaak uitgenodigd voor discussies, met name ook van anti-globalisten, over de voor- en nadelen van globalisering. ‘Erg leuk, omdat deze groep de felste discussies voert,’ zegt hij. ‘Ze hebben echter wel ongelijk. De belangrijkste misverstanden zijn dat mondialisering iets van de laatste tijd is, zich in sneltreinvaart ontwikkelt en uitbuiting in de hand werkt. Mondialisering is er echter altijd al geweest, en uitbuiting heeft andere oorzaken, zoals binnenlandse technische vooruitgang.’
Brakman werkt onder meer aan de ontwikkeling en toepassing van de internationale handelstheorie. ‘Waarom zijn er zulke verschillen tussen landen, maar ook tussen regio's binnen landen? Waarom is de Randstad één grote agglomeratie en is het Noorden zo leeg? We brengen in kaart welke gedragingen van bedrijven ervoor zorgen dat er al of geen agglomeratie ontstaat. De oude modellen gaan er van uit dat alle bedrijven zich hetzelfde gedragen. Recent is gebleken dat de verschillen tussen bedrijven juist een bepaald vestigingspatroon te veroorzaken.’
Brakman zet zijn expertise regelmatig in om als consultant op te treden voor bedrijven. Ook publiceert hij geregeld artikelen op de debatsite voor economen, Me Judice.
Video
- Is stimuleren Groningse economie zinvol? (Nieuwsuur, 10 maart 2014)
-
Brakman over ethisch bankieren (Nieuwsuur, 29 maart 2012)
Eerder in het nieuws
Meer informatie
Publicaties
2024
Brakman,
S., Kohl, T., & van Marrewijk, C. (2024).
Demography and Income in the 21st Century: A Long-Run
Perspective. (CESifo Working Papers; No. 11108).
CESifo. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2024/working-paper/demography-and-income-21st-century-long-run-perspective
Brakman,
S., Kohl, T., & van Marrewijk, C. (2024).
DemoGravity: World Population and Trade in the 21st
Century. (CESifo Working Papers; No. 11262). CESifo. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2024/working-paper/demogravity-world-population-and-trade-21st-century
Shaheen,
I., Brakman, S., Canello,
J., & Garretsen, H. (2024). Firm
interconnectedness and resilience: evidence from the Italian
manufacturing. Cambridge Journal of Regions,
Economy and Society. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsae034
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2024). International
money transfers: Paradoxes and the balance-of-payments.
(CESifo Working Papers; No. 11518). CESifo.
2023
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Kohl, T.
(2023). EXITitis in the UK: Gravity Estimates in the
Aftermath of Brexit. De Economist,
171, 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-023-09421-3
Beugelsdijk,
S., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H.,
van Marrewijk, C., & Murtinu, S. (2023).
International Economics and Business: Nations and Firms
in the Global Economy. (3rd ed.) Cambridge University
Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009427661
Brakman,
S., Hendrich, T., van Marrewijk, C., & Olsen, J. (2023).
On the revealed comparative advantages of Dutch
cities. Review of International
Economics, 31(3), 785-825. https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12644
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., van Marrewijk, C., &
Witteloostuijn ,van, A. (2023). The Location of Cross-Border
and National Mergers & Acquisitions within the US.
Journal of Economics & Management
Strategy, 32(1), 177-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12501
Nguyen,
D., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H.,
& Kohl, T. (2023). What's in a Name? Initial
Geography and German Urban Development. (CESifo Working
Papers; Vol. 10435). CESifo. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2023/working-paper/whats-name-initial-geography-and-german-urban-development
2022
Brakman,
S., Hendrich, T., van Marrewijk, C., & Olsen, J. (2022).
Is Holland a Lumpy Country? An application of the
Lens-Condition to Dutch Cities.
Economist-Netherlands, 170(3),
305-321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-022-09407-7
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2022). Tasks, occupations
and slowbalisation: on the limits of fragmentation.
Cambridge journal of regions economy and
society, 15(2), 407–436. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsac014
van
Marrewijk, C., & Brakman, S. (2022). The
Economics of Developing and Emerging Markets. Cambridge
University Press.
2021
Bohn,
T., Brakman, S., & Dietzenbacher,
E. (2022). Who’s afraid of Virginia Wu? US
employment footprints and self-sufficiency.
Economic Systems Research, 34(4),
469-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2021.1935219
Coulson,
E., Brakman, S., Faggian, A., & Murata, Y. (2021).
COVID-19 and regional economies: An introduction to the
special issue INTRODUCTION. Journal of Regional
Science, 61(4), 691-695. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12553
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Kohl, T.
(2021). EXITitis in the UK: Gravity Estimates in the
Aftermath of Brexit. (CESifo Working Papers; No. 9292).
CESifo.
Bohn,
T., Brakman, S., & Dietzenbacher,
E. (2021). From exports to value added to income:
Accounting for bilateral income transfers. Journal
of International Economics, 131, Article
103496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2021.103496
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2021). New Economic Geography After 30 Years. In M.
M. Fischer, & P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Handbook of Regional
Science: Second and Extended Edition: With 238 Figures and 78
Tables (pp. 1223-1245). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60723-7_39
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & van Witteloostuijn ,
A. (2021). Robots do not get coronavirus: The COVID-19
pandemic and the international division of labor.
Journal of International Business Studies,
52, 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00410-9
Brakman,
S., Hu, S., & Van Marrewijk, C. (2021). Urban
development in China: On the sorting of skills.
Journal of international trade & economic
development, 30(6), 793-817. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2021.1919181
2020
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2020). An Introduction to Geographical and Urban
Economics: A Spiky World. (3 ed.) Cambridge University
Press.
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., van Maarseveen, R., &
Zwaneveld, P. (2020). Firm heterogeneity and exports in the
Netherlands: Identifying export potential beyond firm
productivity. Journal of international trade &
economic development, 29(1), 36-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1631876
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2020). International
Trade, Finance and Development. In J. Y. Abor, R. Lensink,
& C. K. D. Adjasi (Eds.), Contemporary Issues in
Development Finance (pp. 351-384). Routledge.
Garretsen,
H., Brakman, S., & Witteloostuijn ,van, A.
(2020). The turn from just-in-time to just-in-case
globalization in and after times of COVID-19 an essay on the risk
re-appraisal of borders and buffers. Social
Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100034
2019
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2019). Heterogeneous
country responses to the Great Recession: the role of supply
chains. Review of World Economics,
155(4), 677-705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-019-00345-2
Terzidis,
N., Brakman, S., & Ortega - Argiles, R.
(2019). Labour markets, trade and technological progress.
A meta-study. (CESifo Working Papers - Category 4:
Labour Markets). CESifo.
Brakman,
S., Frankopan, P., Garretsen, H., & van
Marrewijk, C. (2019). The New Silk Roads: an introduction to
China's Belt and Road Initiative. Cambridge
journal of regions economy and society, 12(1),
3-16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy037
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Kohl, T.
(2019). Tinbergen en de Nobelprijzen voor internationale
handel. TPEdigitaal, 13(1),
1-7.
2018
Brakman,
S. (2018). China and geography. In S. Brakman,
C. van Marrewijk, P. J. Morgan, & N. Salike (Eds.), China
in the Local and Global Economy: History, Geography, Politics and
Sustainability (pp. 77-92). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315142739-4
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., Morgan, P. J., & Salike, N.
(Eds.) (2018). China in the local and global economy:
History, geography, politics and sustainability.
(Regions and Cities). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315142739
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J., & Kohl, T.
(2018). Consequences of Brexit and options for a
‘Global Britain’. Papers in Regional
Science, 97(1), 55-72. Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12343
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2018). Space and
international business. In G. Cook, J. Johns, F. McDonald,
J. Beaverstock, & N. Pandit (Eds.), The Routledge Companion
to the Geography of International Business (pp. 27-42).
Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315667379-2
Bohn,
T., Brakman, S., & Dietzenbacher,
E. (2018). The role of services in
globalisation. World Economy,
41(10), 2732-2749. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12640
2017
Brakman,
S., & Van Marrewijk, C. (2017). A closer look at
revealed comparative advantage: Gross-versus value-added trade
flows. Papers in Regional Science,
96(1), 61-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12208
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J., & Kohl, T.
(2017). Consequences of Brexit and Options for a "Global
Britain". (CESifo Working Paper; No. 6648). CESifo. https://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/publications/working-papers/CESifoWP/CESifoWPdetails?wp_id=19315498
Brakman,
S., & Garretsen, H. (2017). Economics
without equilibrium. Regional Studies,
51(4), 655-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2017.1278971
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Kohl, T.
(2017). Globalisering vs Rutte III: 2-1.
TPEdigitaal, 11, 63-67.
van
Bergeijk, P. A. G., Brakman, S., & van Marrewijk,
C. (2017). Heterogeneous economic resilience and the great
recession's world trade collapse. Papers in
Regional Science, 96(1), 3-+. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12279
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Zhao, Z.
(2017). Spatial concentration of manufacturing firms in
China. Papers in Regional Science,
96, S179-U214. https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12195
2016
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Oumer, A. (2016).
Town Twinning and German City Growth.
Regional Studies, 50(8), 1420-1432.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1023282
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Van Marrewijk, C.
(2016). Urban development in China.
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 9(3), 467-477. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsw016
2015
Kohl,
T., Brakman, S., & Garretsen,
J. (2016). Do Trade Agreements Stimulate International
Trade Differently? Evidence from 296 Trade Agreements.
World Economy, 39(1), 97-131. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12272
Brakman,
S., & Van Marrewijk, C. (2015). Factor prices and
geographical economics. In C. Karlsson, M. Anderson, &
T. Norman (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications
in Economic Geography (pp. 67-82). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857932679.00009
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., & Partridge, M. (2015).
Local Consequences of Global Production Processes.
Journal of Regional Science, 55(1),
1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12179
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2015). Regional resilience across Europe: On urbanisation
and the initial impact of the Great Recession .
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 8(2), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsv005
Brakman,
S., Kohl, T., & Marrewijk, C. V. (2015, Nov
13). The Impact of the Transatlantic Trade & Investment
Partnership (TTIP) on Low Income Countries: Agreement Heterogeneity
and Supply Chain Linkages. https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/brieven_regering/detail?id=2015Z21538&did=2015D43811
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & Oumer, A. (2015).
Town twinning and German city growth. CESifo
DICE Report, 13(4), 48-54.
2014
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2014). New economic geography: Endogenizing location in an
international trade model. In M. Fischer, & P. Nijkamp
(Eds.), Handbook of regional science (pp. 569-589).
Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23430-9_39
2013
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., van Marrewijk, C., & van
Witteloostuijn, A. (2013). Cross-border merger &
acquisition activity and revealed comparative advantage in
manufacturing industries. Journal of Economics
& Management Strategy, 22(1), 28-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12007
Kohl,
T., Brakman, S., & Garretsen, J.
H. (2013). Do trade agreements stimulate
international trade differently? Evidence from 296 trade
agreements. (CESifo Working Papers). CESifo.
Beugelsdijk,
S., Brakman, S., Garretsen, J.
H., & van Ees, H. (2013). Firms
in the international economy: Firm heterogeneity meets
international business. MIT Press.
Beugelsdijk,
S., Brakman, S., Garretsen, J. H.,
& van Marrewijk, C. (2013). International economics
and business: Nations and firms in the global economy.
Cambridge University Press.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2013). Lumpy countries,
urbanization, and trade. Journal of International
Economics, 89(1), 252-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.05.004
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2013). Reflections on
cluster policies. Cambridge journal of regions
economy and society, 6(2), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rst001
Brakman,
S., Inklaar, R., & Van Marrewijk, C.
(2013). Structural change in OECD comparative
advantage. Journal of international trade &
economic development, 22(6), 817-838. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2011.605460
2012
Partridge,
M. D., Boarnet, M., Brakman, S., & Ottaviano, G.
(2012). Introduction: Whither spatial econometrics?
Journal of Regional Science, 52(2),
161-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2012.00767.x
Bosker,
M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., &
Schramm, M. (2012). Relaxing Hukou: Increased labor mobility
and China's economic geography. Journal of Urban
Economics, 72(2-3), 252-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.06.002
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., van Marrewijk, C., &
Oumer, A. (2012). The border population effects of EU
integration. Journal of Regional
Science, 52(1), 40-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2011.00752.x
2011
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2011). References across the fence: measuring the dialogue
between economists and geographers. Journal of
Economic Geography, 11(2), 371-385. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq032
2010
Bosker,
E. M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, J. H.,
& Schramm, M. (2010). Adding geography to the new
economic geography: Bridging the gap between theory and
empirics. Journal of Economic
Geography, 10(6), 793-823. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq003
Brakman,
S., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2010). Burger
vervreemdt van een overheid die voor bedrijfje gaat spelen.
NRC Handelsblad.
Brakman,
S., Garita, G., Garretsen, J. H., & van
Marrewijk, C. (2010). Economic and financial integration and
the rise of cross-border M&As. In P. A. G. van Bergeijk,
& S. Brakman (Eds.), The Gravity model in international
trade (pp. 296-323). Cambridge University Press.
Brakman,
S., Bosker, E. M., Garretsen, J. H., &
Schramm, M. (2010). Relaxing Hukou: Increased labor
mobility and China's economic geography. (8106 ed.)
(CEPR Discussion Papers; Vol. 8106). CEPR.
Brakman,
S., & Inklaar, R. (2010).
Structural change in OECD comparative
advantage. (CESifo Working Papers; Vol. 3033).
CESifo.
Brakman,
S., & van Bergeijk, P. A. G. (2010). The comeback
of the Gravity model. In S. Brakman, & P. A. G. Bergeijk
(Eds.), The Gravity model in prospect and retrospect
Cambridge University Press.
Brakman,
S., & van Bergeijk, P. A. G. (2010). The
Gravity model in prospect and retrospect. Cambridge
University Press.
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & de Jong, H.
J. (2010). Urbanisatie in het premoderne Italie,
1300-1861; De dynamiek van urbanisatie patronen. In G.
Collenteur, M. Duijvendak, R. Paping, & H. de Vries (Eds.),
Stad en regio, Liber Amicorum voor prof.dr. Pim Kooij (pp.
333 - 344). Koninklijke Van Gorcum.
Brakman,
S. (2010). We winnen ook door globalisering.
Brabants Dagblad, 14 - 15.
Brakman,
S., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2010). Xenofobie is
desastrues voor de Europese economie. NRC
Handelsblad.
2009
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2009). Economic geography within and between European
nations: The role of market potential and density across space and
time. Journal of Regional Science,
49(4), 777-800. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00633.x
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2009). INTRODUCTION:
HETEROGENEITY AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES*.
Journal of Regional Science, 49(4),
607-615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00626.x
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., & van Witteloostuijn, A. (2009).
Market liberalization in the natural gas
market. (CESifo Working Papers; Vol. 2697).
CESifo.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2009). The economics
of international transfers. Cambridge University
Press.
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2009). The new introduction to geographical
economics. Cambridge University Press.
Brakman,
S., & Garretsen, H. (2009). Trade and
Geography: Paul Krugman and the 2008 Nobel Prize for
Economics. Spatial Economic Analysis,
4(1), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17421770902739120
2008
Bosker,
M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., &
Schramm, M. (2008). A century of shocks: The evolution of the
German city size distribution 1925-1999. Regional
Science and Urban Economics, 38(4), 330-347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.04.002
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2008). Agglomeration and government spending. In S.
Brakman, & H. Garretsen (Eds.), Foreign direct investment
and the multinational enterprise (pp. 89-116). MIT
Press.
Brakman,
S., & Garretsen, J. H. (2008).
Foreign direct investment and the multinational
enterprise. MIT Press.
Brakman,
S., & Garretsen, J. H. (2008).
Introduction. In J. H. Garretsen, & S. Brakman
(Eds.), Foreign direct investment and the multinational
enterprise (pp. 1 - 11). MIT Press.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2008). It's a big world
after all: On the economic impact of location and distance.
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 1(3), 411-437. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsm006
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, J. H., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2008). Nobelprijs economie voor Paul Krugman.
Economische Statistische Berichten,
93(4546), 660 - 664.
Bosker,
E. M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, J.
H., de Jong, H. J., & Schramm, M. (2008).
Ports, plagues, and politics: Explaining Italian city growth
1300-1861. European Review of Economic
History, 12(1), 97-131. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1361491608002128
Alsem,
K. J., Brakman, S., Hoogduin,
L., & Kuper, G. (2008). The impact of
newspapers on consumer confidence: Does spin bias exist?
Applied Economics, 40(5), 531-539.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600707100
Brakman,
S., Garita, G., Garretsen, J. H., & van
Marrewijk, C. (2008). Unlocking the value of cross-border
mergers and acquisitions. (CESifo Working Papers; Vol.
2294). CESifo.
2007
Brakman,
S., Bosker, M., Schramm, M., & Garretsen,
H. (2007). Adding geography to the new economic
geography. (CESifo Working Papers; No. 2038).
CESifo.
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., & Garretsen, H.
(2007). Agglomeration and aid. In S. Lahiri (Ed.),
Frontiers of economics and globalization: Theory and practice
of foreign aid (pp. 31 - 53). Elsevier.
Witteloostuijn
,van, A., Brakman, S., van den Born, A., van
Marrewijk, C., & Jong, de, G. (2007). An
evaluation of the strategy change at Stegeman: From leader to
follower? University of Groningen.
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., & Garretsen, H.
(2007). Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: The facts as a
guide for international economics. In G. N. Gregoriou, &
L. Renneboog (Eds.), International mergers and acquisitions
activity since 1990 (pp. 23 - 49). Academic Press.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2007). Empirie van de
economische geografie. Economisch Statistische
Berichten, juli, 22 - 26.
Brakman,
S., & Garretsen, H. (2007). From
theory to estimation and back: The empirical relevance of new
economic geography. In B. Fingleton (Ed.), New
directions in economic geography (pp. 98-129). Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2007). It's a big
world after all. (CESifo working paper; No. 1964).
CESifo.
Bosker,
M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., &
Schramm, M. (2007). Looking for multiple equilibria when
geography matters: German city growth and the WWII shock.
Journal of Urban Economics, 61(1),
152-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2006.07.001
Bosker,
M., Brakman, S., de Jong, H. J., Schramm,
M., & Garretsen, H. (2007). The development of cities
in Italy 1300-1861. (CESifo Working Papers; Vol. 1893).
CESifo.
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2007). Transfers,
nontraded goods, and unemployment: An analysis of the Keynes-Ohlin
debate. History of Political Economy,
39(1), 121-143. https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2006-026
Witteloostuijn
, van, A., Brakman, S., & van Marrewijk, C.
(2007). Welfare distribution effect of a price reduction in
the Dutch gas transport market: A scenario analysis of regulatory
policy, market form and rent allocation. Energy
Policy, 35(12), 6299-6308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.07.027
2006
Brakman,
S., & van Marrewijk, C. (2006). China is nog lang
geen economische wereldmacht.
Geografie, 15, 14 - 17.
Brakman,
S., Garretsen, H., & van Merrewijk, C.
(2006). Comparative advantage, cross-border mergers and
merger waves: International economics meets industrial
organization. CESifo Forum,
7(1), 22-26. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publications/2006/article-journal/comparative-advantage-cross-border-mergers-and-merger-waves
Brakman,
S., van Marrewijk, C., & Garretsen, H.
(2006). Industrial location and competitiveness. In A.
K. Vaidya (Ed.), Globalization: Encyclopedia of trade, labor,
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